Compare Romania (2003) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)

Compare Romania (2003) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)

	Romania (2003)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)

Administrative divisions	41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.9% (male 1,932,204; female 1,838,240) 15-64 years: 69% (male 7,634,481; female 7,739,232) 65 years and over: 14% (male 1,290,343; female 1,837,339) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	65 (2002)	5 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 26 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 39 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 25 (2002)	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 237,500 sq km land: 230,340 sq km water: 7,160 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Oregon	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Soviet occupation following World War II led to the formation of a Communist "peoples republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996, when they were swept from power by a fractious coalition of centrist parties. Currently, the Social Democratic Party forms a nominally minority government, which governs with the support of the opposition Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania. Bucharest must address rampant corruption, while invigorating lagging economic and democratic reforms, before Romania can achieve its hope of joining the European Union.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	10.79 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $11.7 billion expenditures: $12.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital	Bucharest	Stanley
Climate	temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	225 km	1,288 km
Constitution	8 December 1991	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Romania local long form: none local short form: Romania	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	leu (ROL)	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	12.25 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$13.7 billion (2002 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Michael E. GUEST embassy: Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest mailing address: American Embassy Bucharest, Department of State, 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch) telephone: [40] (21) 210-4042 FAX: [40] (21) 210-0395 branch office(s): Cluj-Napoca	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Sorin Dumitru DUCARU chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851 FAX: [1] (202) 232-4748 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	has not resolved claims to Ukrainian-administered Zmyinyy (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary despite ongoing talks based on 1997 friendship treaty to find a solution in two years; joint boundary commission is rectifying boundary with Bulgaria based on shifts in Danube since last delimitation in 1920; Hungary has yet to amend status law extending special social and cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in Romania, who protest the law	claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force
Economic aid - recipient	-	none
Economy - overview	Romania began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. Despite the global slowdown in 2001-02, strong domestic activity in construction, agriculture, and consumption have kept growth above 4%. An IMF Standby Agreement, signed in 2001, has been accompanied by slow but palpable gains in privatization, deficit reduction, and the curbing of inflation. Nonetheless, recent macroeconomic gains have done little to address Romania's widespread poverty, while corruption and red tape hinder foreign investment.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	46.1 billion kWh (2001)	15.19 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	1.6 billion kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	400 million kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	50.86 billion kWh (2001)	16.33 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 62.5% hydro: 27.6% nuclear: 9.9% other: 0% (2001)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol	-
Ethnic groups	Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002)	British
Exchange rates	lei per US dollar - 33,055.4 (2002), 29,060.8 (2001), 21,708.7 (2000), 15,332.8 (1999), 8,875.58 (1998)	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 December 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Adrian NASTASE (since 29 December 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 26 November 2000, with runoff between the top two candidates held 10 December 2000 (next to be held NA November/December 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: percent of vote - Ion ILIESCU 66.84%, Corneliu Vadim TUDOR 33.16%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	Italy 24.4%, Germany 15.5%, France 7.7%, UK 5.4%, US 5%, Turkey 4.4% (2002)	Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $169.3 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 15% industry: 35% services: 50% (2001)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,600 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.9% (2002 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	46 00 N, 25 00 E	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Heliports	1 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 198,603 km paved: 98,308 km (including 113 km of expressways) unpaved: 100,295 km (2000)	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 25% (1998)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe	-
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment 23%, fuels and minerals 12%, chemicals 9%, textile and products 19% (1999)	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	Italy 20.2%, Germany 18.1%, France 6.6%, Russia 5.6%, Austria 4.9%, Hungary 4.1% (2002)	UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002)
Independence	9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from Turkey; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin; kingdom proclaimed 26 March 1881; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	6% (2002)	NA%
Industries	textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining	fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 18.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	22.5% (2002 est.)	3.6% (1998)
International organization participation	ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MONUC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC	ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	38 (2000)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	28,800 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates)	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	9.9 million (1999 est.)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 40%, industry 25%, services 35% (1998)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	total: 2,508 km border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 40.57% permanent crops: 2.4% other: 57.03% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages	Romanian (official), Hungarian, German	English
Legal system	former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic	English common law
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (140 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Adunarea Deputatilor (345 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004); Chamber of Deputies - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDSR (now PSD) 37.1%, PRM 21.0%, PD 7.6%, PNL 7.5%, UDMR 6.9%; seats by party - PSD 65, PRM 36, PNL 13, UDMR 12, PD 9, independents 5; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PDSR (now PSD) 36.6%, PRM 19.5%, PD 7.0%, PNL, 6.9%, UDMR 6.8%; seats by party - PSD 171, PRM 69, PD 29, PNL 27, UDMR 27, ethnic minorities 18, independents 4	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.62 years male: 66.88 years female: 74.59 years (2003 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.4% male: 99.1% female: 97.7% (2003 est.)	-
Location	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Europe	South America
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 61 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 494,670 GRT/650,863 DWT ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 39, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1, Italy 5 (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces (AMR), Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense, Border Guards	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$985 million (2002)	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.47% (2002)	NA%
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 5,912,284 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 4,974,240 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	20 years of age (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 157,840 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Romanian(s) adjective: Romanian	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate	-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines	gas 3,508 km; oil 2,427 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party or PD [Traian BASESCU]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Theodor STOLOJAN]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Adrian NASTASE], formerly known as the Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	various human rights and professional associations	none
Population	22,271,839 (July 2003 est.)	2,967 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	44.5% (2000)	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.21% (2003 est.)	2.44% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Braila, Constanta, Galati, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea	Stanley note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Radio broadcast stations	AM 40, FM 202, shortwave 3 (1998)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	total: 11,385 km (3,888 km electrified) standard gauge: 10,898 km 1.435-m gauge broad gage: 60 km 1.524-m gauge narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2002)	0 km
Religions	Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 87%, Protestant 6.8%, Catholic 5.6%, other (mostly Muslim) 0.4%, unaffiliated 0.2% (2002)	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: poor domestic service, but improving domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no service international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	3.777 million (1997)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	645,500 (1999)	NA
Television broadcast stations	48 (plus 392 repeaters) (1995)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	1.36 children born/woman (2003 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	8.3% (2002)	full employment; labor shortage
Waterways	1,724 km (1984)	none

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